viernes, 22 de julio de 2011

Kisses and Hugs around the World (4:30pm Friday July 22, 2011)


4:30pm Friday July 22, 2011

For a less touchy (pun intended) subject, I’ve been noticing how different regional greeting customs (kissing, hugs...) interact with Judaism as I’ve traveled this summer.

In Spain, greetings were very impersonal from what I had expected Europe to be.  I also didn’t interact with any Spaniards that would have required hugging or kissing. 

In London, I was able to experience both an upper-class B’nei Akiva Orthodox Shabbes and a more lower middle-class Orthodox Shabbes. In terms of greetings, the upper-class Orthodox Shabbes was what you’d expect. Men shook hands; men and women didn’t touch (due to shomer negiah). I was invited to a “lower middle-class” Orthodox Shabbes meal, which was more interesting. I assumed that the family was shomer negiah, so I shook the hand of the husband and the little boys. Upon leaving, the mother leaned in toward me and she caught me by surprise by doing the European kiss on both cheeks with me. I played along as not to offend anyone.

It’s weird coming from the Penn OCP (Orthodox Community at Penn) where guys and girls are so hands off in terms of touchiness of greetings. Within the OCP, I try not to hug or touch most of the girls, assuming shomer negiahness. This assumption has gotten me out of some uncomfortable situations.

In Gibraltar, a society which was interestingly a mix of the uptightness of Britain with the relaxed nature of Spain, the Jewish community was essentially Sephardic Ultra-Orthodox, so men shook hands and didn’t really much interact with women.

I have nothing interesting to say about Turkey or Amsterdam in terms of greetings, so I’ll jump to Huanuco, Peru.  This has been the most interesting by far in terms of greetings.  This society is very touchy-feely. The second you meet someone, its expected of you to perform a physical greeting. The minute a woman (whether I’ve ever met her or not) enters the door, I know it’s expected of me to kiss her on her right cheek. When a man enters, I have to stand up an shake his hand.  Even more interesting is the fact that people I see every day, the women I teach Hebrew to, expected to kiss on the cheek every day.  It just seems superfluous; for example, when you’re at university and living with your friends, you don’t hug or shake hands with your friends every day. When you leave for summer break or if G-d forbid, someone’s father passed away, then you hug or shake hands. Or if you are on a business meeting, then you shake hands.

If you tell all of your friends that you love them, the word love depreciates in value.  What does love mean anymore? What do you tell your significant other? 

Git Shabbes.

Virus, Job, Home?

4:30pm Thursday July 21, 2011



I’ve been sick all day with some nasty stomach virus. I’ve been bedridden for most of the day–it’s not been fun. Of course, the remedy to any sickness in Peru is some Coca tea (tea made out of those coca leaves that I once mentioned).  Thank G-d I’m on the verge of feeling better.



The timing of this virus is interesting. I’ve been reading the Book of Job in Spanish over the last two days and we see Job patience and piety were tried by undeserved misfortunes, and who, in spite of his bitter lamentations, remained confident in the goodness and justice of God. May the distinction be made between Job and me. I’m not comparing my suffering to his at all, but nonetheless this sick day has given me plenty of time to think about life and watch most of the second season of Srugim, the Israeli TV show.  Those two things aren’t completely unrelated.



Over the last few weeks, and especially today, I’ve been thinking about what home means.  I’m at this awkward place in my life, where for the last 3 years I really haven’t established a home in a single place.



The breakdown of my last 3 years:

School Year 2009-10 months at home in Chelsea, NYC finishing high school

Summer 2009-2 months at Ramah Nyack

School Year 2010- 9 months in Jerusalem at Yeshiva

Summer 2010-2 months at Ramah Nyack

School Year 2011- 8 months at Penn

Summer 2011- 2 months in Europe (Spain, London, Istanbul, Amsterdam)

Summer 2011- 2 months in Peru

Conclusion: 10 months NYC, 9 months Jerusalem, 8 months Penn, 8 months Other



Every time I’m getting settled in a particular setting, I move on. I was just getting settled down at Penn and the summer vacation came out of nowhere. That’s my way of saying that from the depths of Peru that I really miss Penn.



Since I spent my year in Israel, I’ve been trying to figure out what place Israel will play in my life. While I was living in Israel, I had no doubt in my mind that Israel would be a place my family and I visit every few years as American Jewish tourists.  But absence makes the heart grow fonder.  Seeing these Jews from Huanuco wishing they could even just visit Israel for a day, makes me realize what a blessing it is that as an American Jew it’s so easy to make aliyah. But then again, aliyah would be nearly impossible for me as a family member of the epitome of American Ashkenazi Yiddish.  Nonetheless, every time I watch Srugim a part of me wishes I could be a part of that young Jerusalem crowd of olim.



Some of my friends know that when talking about what home means, my go-to idea that I mention is In the Heights, my favorite Broadway musical in which the main character, Usnavi, struggles to figure out whether home is the mostly-Hispanic neighborhood of Washington Heights where he grew up or the Dominican Republic.  Throughout the whole musical he wants to move out of the poverty of Washington Heights and make “aliyah” to the Domincan Republic. SPOILER ALERT: In the end, Usnavi decides to stay in the Heights, realizing that he both belongs there and can make a difference there. 


In other news, the Hebrew classes are going really well. 




miércoles, 20 de julio de 2011

A Peruvian Fast Day (17th of Tammuz=Tuesday July 19, 2011)

9:30pm Tuesday July 19, 2011

Today was the Fast of the 17th of Tammuz. Not too difficult of a fast because I could wake up at 5am, eat an avocado and some bread, and manage until the breaking of the fast at 6:30pm.

It was the first time that the bar mitzvah boy “fasted.”  He fasted all the way until the afternoon and then decided that he would eat two oranges because the hunger was getting to him. I explained to him how my youngest sister who is not yet Bat Mitzvah fasts by eating no sweets during the day, and only eating enough to sustain her. Rolo liked this method of fasting.  He tell me that after his Bar Mitzvah, he'll try to fast for the for the whole day.

Today I put on tefillin with Rolo for the first time, and I soon realized how difficult it is to explain how one should wrap the arm tefillin.  I clearly was able to do my own, but then when I tried with Rolo’s, I kept on messing up. Soon I confused myself to the point of not being able to wrap my own on my arm. Nonetheless, the idea of tefillin really spoke to them, especially the explanation of tefillin as a marriage contract with Hashem.

 Rolo and I with our tefillin

lunes, 18 de julio de 2011

My fifth blog entry before I had a blog (Wednesday 9:30am July 13, 2011)


Wednesday 9:30am July 13, 2011

It’s really interesting for me to see how Christian Peruvian society is. Every restaurant, taxi, and house seems to have images of Jesus, crosses, and virgins.  There are dozens of churches in Huánuco, and especially a lot of Mormon ones, which seems random.  The idea that before the year 1532 when Pizarro conquered Peru, the natives were more or less all Incan in their religious habits. Their religion was the opposite of Christianity–a mummy cult religion, sacrifices of children and llamas, and essentially polytheism with the Sun, Moon and Thunder.  The Christians came and destroyed and looted all of the Incan holy sites, building churches over them, like the holy Incan temple in Cuzco.  Then to fast-forward 500 years and see Peru as a haven of Catholicism where everyone (sans the few Jews in Peru) is obsessed with Jesus is so interesting.  What also fascinates me is the religious syncretism in Peru. Much of the now-evangelized population still participates in certain Inca festivals, in addition to all of the Christian holidays.  Many of them still essentially live “Incan lives” in remote mountains far from society in ayllus (small collective communities similar to a kibbutz) and maintain their traditions of chewing coca leaves, brewing chicha, and belief of Pachamama (mother earth.) Nonetheless, they are devout Catholics. I guess one could argue both that the evangelization worked fantastically (look at 99% of Peru), or that it failed because the native population’s Incan traditions weren’t completely erased.
 
Today, Rolo’s grandma, Carmen, and I went around the city seeing the little there is to see in Huánuco.  There are several old churches, the earliest dating from ~1560.  From one place to another, we took these “mototaxis” (like a combination of a motorcycle 2 seats in the back) that cost 1 Peruvian sol (35 cents) to and from any point in the city.  We toured some of the old churches, visited the soccer stadium and an old pre-Incan ruin near center city.  I also had an interesting experience getting a Peruvian haircut. 4 dollars for a full haircut plus wash.  At one point, he seemed to be putting some weird oil or cream on parts of my head. The next thing I know, the hairdresser basically has a razor blade to my neck and starts shaving in that manner. I’m pretty sure that’s not particularly halachically permissible. Whoops! It was an interesting experience because it seemed pretty primitive.



My fourth blog entry before I had a blog (Monday 11:30pm July 11, 2011)


Monday 11:30pm July 11, 2011

I decide that I’m going to keep a separate list of what I do all day every day, so that these full blog entries can be more profound and interesting and less of “I did this. I did that.”

In the last two or so days, the community has really fallen in love with learning to read Hebrew. It’s like a game, a puzzle that they need to decipher. Shanti has told me that when he reads the Hebrew words from our learning material, he feels a connection with something greater, more so than when he reads the Hebrew words written in Spanish transliteration.  The plasticity of the brain changes in regard to learning languages at ~13 years of age. I can really see this in terms of how the community learns; the two children, Rolo and Derek, are able to read at a more advanced level than the older people.

I have a few fascinating comments about the way that this community specifically, though I can generalize to most Latin American Jewish communities, learns Hebrew. In Spanish, there isn’t much of a difference in pronunciation between the letters b and v. The consonants in the words beber and vivir are more or less the same for native Spanish speakers.  Perhaps the b is more stressed than the v, but they still sound the same.  This poses a problem when teaching Hebrew, because in Hebrew there is a clear distinction between a bet and a vet, in addition to the vav (“U’vnei Yerushalayim” versus “B’nai Yisrael”, and then “V’ahavta”).  Here in Huánuco, they are pronounced U’bnei Yerushalayim, B’nai Yisrael, and then B’ahabta. Another subtlety is the difficulty for Latin Americans not to be able to pronounce certain sounds involving the gimel. In Spanish, the g can be pronounced as both the “g” in “dog” or like the “ch” in “Bach” in certain contexts.  For example, after an o, u, or a, the g is pronounced like the g in dog (ego, iglesia), whereas before an e or i (gemelos, girar), it changes to the “ch” sound in Bach. In the case of one of the men in Huánuco, I spent 5 minutes attempting to show him that the word spelled daled (with a patach beneath) then gimel is not pronounced Dach, but rather d ah g. But no matter how hard he tried, he couldn’t because those sounds just can’t go together in Spanish, and therefore his mouth can’t make those sounds. The z sound of the zayin also poses an issue because Spanish doesn’t have a z sound like we do in Hebrew and English.  Thus, in Huánuco, they pronounce the z like an s (zahav as sahab.)

Another interesting experience takes place when I try to go out to find a place with internet-access in the center of town after dusk. I finally succeed, and it costs me 50 Peruvian cents (aka 18 USA cents) for half an hour.  But by no means is that the interesting part. My current house is a 15-minute walk from the center of town, and in a dirtier and more rural area of the city. The people living around me (sans the family with whom I live) are seemingly poorer and less well educated.  As I walk to town at night, I pass several groups of teenagers who, at the sight of a white person, actually start laughing.  I can’t help but smile, because it’s awkward otherwise.  One group of teenagers screamed “Tiburón!” (shark) and “Gringo!” (white person) at me. I want to add the fact that I am actually the only white person in the city of Huánuco.  I’m not joking; I haven’t seen another white person in the first 4 days of walking around. It’s the weirdest feeling to know that many of the people in the city you live in are making fun of you for being different and having white skin. I can’t help but think about the American South before the 1970s and how Blacks felt when they were called names and discriminated against by Whites.  Here in Huánuco, I’m told that stores will often try to charge me more because I am white.  So whenever I go to buy something, I am accompanied either by my host family or a member of the Jewish community (who look no different than other Peruvians) or I ask an impartial viewer if the price seems fair.

My third blog entry before I had a blog (5pm Friday July 8, 2011)

I’ve certainly never had a Shabbes like this one.  We arrive right at 7:30pm at the house of Sra. Carmen de Holzmann. 



 The street, Jirón Mayro, on which the Holzmann house is located

She and her grandson, Rolando (Rolo as a nickname), are waiting at the gate to their house, and greet me warmly with hugs. We enter the house and I see that a room has been prepared for me.  It’s very quaint and cute and I assume it’s much nicer than most of the other shacks I’ve seen around Huánuco. This house has electricity and lukewarm water to shower in.  They have a 1998 computer and no internet-access in the house.  Sra. Holzmann is proud that her deceased husband was the founder of the Peruvian Chamber Orchestra and was a composer who studied under the auspices of Benjamin Britten. They have many cassettes of classical music from her husband and from others like Mozart. The whole family is musical. Rolo plays flute, and Carmen sings in a Huanuqueñan choir.

We wait till 8:15pm to do Kabbalat Shabbat, once we give up on waiting for a minyan.  
 
The Holy Ark is covered with this beautiful embroidered sheet. (Notice that the Hebrew is backwards.)

Interestingly for a community that affiliates with the Reform/Renewal movement, they don’t count women in the minyan.
 

Juan and I lead the service together because if I do it alone, I wouldn’t know the melodies that the community knows, and I would just confuse them. 



Nonetheless, halfway through, Juan allows me to sing whatever melodies I choose. We go through the rest of Kabbalat Shabbat and then, for Maariv, it’s clear they really don’t have any idea what I’m doing. The problem is that they can’t read Hebrew and their siddurim are limited. Only certain parts have Spanish transliteration so they can read/sing along.

There are some interesting people that come to pray with us.  There is a man Miguel, who wants to become a Reform Rabbi; he received a pending scholarship to attend, but only once he can read and write the Hebrew alphabet. He joins us with his non-Jewish girlfriend, who seems open to converting to Judaism. There are very few Jewish women in the community. Most people intermarry or have their wives/girlfriends convert. There’s an old man named Santiago (nickname: Shanti) who is an active member in the community. He speaks very quickly and I often find it difficult to follow what he’s saying because of my lame Spanish vocabulary.  Nonetheless, I’m pretty sure he works with indigenous people because he’s always telling stories about their festivals and trying to make the point that ancient Israel’s society and the Incan society were very similar. He seems to have done research for a paper that claims that Hebrew and Quechua (the language of the Incas) are related, due to their similarities. I’m almost certain that the few similarities are coincidences, and in fact, I’ve asked linguists at Penn and they tell me its linguistically impossible, but I play along with Shanti’s hypothesis.  He also really likes talking about the similarities in Jewish and Incan cultures with their egalitarianism and the importance of family. A professor of the technology of agriculture, named Antonio, also comes. Then of course, Rolo, the almost-Bar-mitzvah and his grandma with whom I’m living, pray with us.  Also joining us is a 10-year old, Derek Bauer, whose father is the vice president of the community.


Rolo and Derek playing El Ahorcado, aka Hangman in Spanish.

After an abbreviated Maariv, we make Kiddush and Hamotzi.  Everyone reassures me that everything is “kosher” even though there isn’t a kosher symbol on the bottle. I trust them, though if I were ultra-orthodox, I wouldn’t. I’ve never felt like more of a foreigner than at dinner. Everyone is telling Spanish jokes and I actually have no idea what’s going on due to my tiredness and the fact that they use a lot of Peruvian slang, which frankly isn’t taught in American Spanish classes.  I just end up nodding my head a lot and saying, “Sí” whenever I think someone’s talking to me; that technique doesn’t work well. My mouth actually doesn’t want to speak Spanish; during dinner, I find myself trying to say one thing and I end up saying something totally different. For example, I try to say “I’m really tired”, but because I’m thinking in English I say, “Estoy triste”, as “tired” and “triste” both have a t-r.  It’s really embarrassing and I decide not to speak for the rest of the night because clearly I am really tired.

In the morning, we have Shacharit with 6 people, at which we sing a few songs from their transliterated siddur/shiron. “Yerushalayim Shel Zahav” and “Am Yisrael Chai” are big hits. We can’t really do the Amidah because they only have it in Hebrew letters, so that’s no good.  I try to summarize Parshat Balak in Spanish, and they are as confused as I from the talking donkey incident.  

I explain that I don’t use public transportation or money or a telephone on Shabbat and they don’t really seem to understand, especially the kids. They want to go somewhere in the country with me by car, but I convince them we can do it on Sunday. Instead, we decide to walk into the center of the city to show me around. We walk 10 minutes towards the center of the city, across a river, until we find the Plaza Mayor, the main plaza, which is cute and has nice benches. It’s the nicest block in all of Huánuco. We head to a farmers market, which has a lot of indigenous ladies selling interesting produce that I’ve never seen.

Meals at the Holzmann house are great. They’re all made up of toast and weird Andean tubers and veggies that I’ve never heard of, like Kishu. It looks like a soft green cactus and tastes healthy. 

Chicha, sweet fermented corn beer is quite delicious.


At around 8pm, we make Havdalah and sing a few more songs from their book. I try to give a dvar-torah in Spanish about solitude as a blessing and a curse in relation to the Parshah, the Huánuco community, and the state of Israel.  They nod and seem to more or less understand. I really need to write out in transliteration some of the important prayers so we can institute Shacharit.

I am starting to feel comfortable as a “member of the family,” but it’s clear that my Spanish really better improve if I want to understand anything in the next month. I guess I’ll be spending my days, when the community is at work, reading my Spanish dictionary.
 


 

My second blog entry before I had a blog (5pm Friday July 8, 2011)

5pm Friday July 8, 2011
Today has been quite eventful, yet I have been on a bus since 9:30am.  This is perhaps the longest and most beautiful bus ride I’ve ever taken.

I woke up early and waited for Juan at the hotel.  His father is sick in the hospital with some gastrointestinal problems, so Juan stayed with him during the night. Due to this difficult experience, he arrives late to pick me up from my hotel, but I wait patiently, putting together a Spanish dvar-torah (speech) for the community, relating to the weekly Torah portion.

He arrives in a hurry and we hop into a taxi. There is no order on the highways near Lima. Cars travel slowly, behind the sluggardly truck, and there is often a gridlock of traffic. Juan is very popular with the Jews from Huánuco, and people from the community seem to keep calling him. Every time he greets them and tells them, “Ya estoy saliendo con el Chazzan desde Lima.”  (I’m leaving Lima with the Chazzan.) Whenever he says this, I can’t help but smile.

We get to the bus station on time and our bus leaves at 9:30am and of course gets stuck in the traffic as we leave Lima. The bus costs $12 one-way, compared to ~$80 one-way for a flight from Lima-Huánuco, and the bus is quite comfortable. All of the seats essentially become beds and there’s an equivalent to a flight attendant who serves you a free drink and bag of chips.

The ride is long, especially getting out of Lima. 
 
We climb the Western range of the Andes Mountains, which is a serpentine paved road with one lane in each direction.  Often times there are delays due to trucks that max out at 30 km per hour.  

As we climb the mountains, we nearly reach the top and snow can be seen in many of the peaks. The views are quite beautiful.  



The bus takes a lunch rest stop, at which I am able to act as translator for a few British tourists who speak but a few words of Spanish. Vegetarian food is difficult to find.  There’s fried guinea pig (cuy), chicken, and pork everywhere. So far, I’ve eaten plain white rice, a baked plantain, a tomato omelet, and some fresh fruit shakes.

The bus continues. We climb our way into the Central highlands of Peru, where the climate is cool and there are llamas all over. I hope we arrive to Huánuco before Shabbes. Due to delays, we will probably arrive at 7:30pm, an hour and a half after it should have.  The community brings in Shabbes at 7:30, although according to my Jewish calendar for Lima, Shabbes begins at ~6pm. Nonetheless I give the community of Huánuco the benefit of the doubt and hope Shabbes actually begins at 7:30pm. There’s nothing I can do anyway. I’ll be on the bus whether I like it or not due to traffic; the only thing I can do is minimize what I do that is not in the spirit of Shabbes once I’m off the bus.